| Does rule recursion make melodies easier to reproduce? If not, what does? |
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Does rule recursion make melodies easier to reproduce? If not,what does? |
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| Marilyn Boltz,Mari Riess Jones. Does rule recursion make melodies easier to reproduce? If not,what does?[J]. Cognitive psychology, 1986, 18(4): 389-431. DOI: 10.1016/0010-0285(86)90005-8 |
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| Authors: | Marilyn Boltz Mari Riess Jones |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Yeong-An Orthopedic and Physical Therapy Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan;3. Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;4. Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;5. Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;6. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;7. Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan;8. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan;1. Audencia Business School, Nantes Cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | Two experiments examined the effects of variations in melodic rule structure and rhythm upon the ability of musically sophisticated listeners to reproduce auditory patterns. These experiments were designed to evaluate different theoretical perspectives on auditory pattern perception and the role of rule structure in perceiving and remembering. Predictions of a coding model, which emphasizes the impact of rule recursion, were contrasted with those of an accent model, which emphasizes the relative timing of melodic and temporal accents. Effects of recursive (hierarchical) and nonrecursive (linear) rule arrangements were studied in contexts where pattern contour differences were controlled for. Rhythm was also varied. Measured pauses were inserted between certain tones to make a rhythm compatible or incompatible with melodic rule phrases. Experiment 1 showed that pattern simplicity was determined not by rule recursive codes, but by the number and timing of contour changes and melodic rule breaks. Experiment 2 examined additional effects of rhythm on listeners' response to rule recursion and melodic phrasing in melodies of equivalent contour. Although modest effects of rule recursion appeared, these effects were again outweighed by large performance differences due to the relative timing of changes in contour and melodic rule structure. Implications of the accent model for dynamic attending are discussed in the context of a new proposal involving temporal phasing of accents. |
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