The effects of the behavioral inhibition and activation systems on social inclusion and exclusion |
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Authors: | Kuniaki Yanagisawa Keita Masui Keiichi Onoda Michio Nomura Mitsuhiro Ura |
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Institution: | a Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japanb The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japanc Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-Cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japand Faculty of Contemporary Culture, Hijiyama University, 4-1-1 Ushitashinmachi, Higashiku, Hiroshima 732-8509, Japane Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan |
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Abstract: | Human beings have a strong fundamental need to form and maintain relationships. Social exclusion therefore evokes social pain in excluded individuals, whereas social inclusion evokes pleasure in those individuals who are included. The present study used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to investigate whether individual differences in personality, specifically differences in behavioral inhibition and activation system (BIS and BAS) functioning, affect the experiences of social pleasure and pain. Thirty-seven undergraduates participated in an NIRS session that involved both social rejection and inclusion during an online ball-tossing game. People with greater BIS sensitivity experienced more social pain during social exclusion, while people with greater BAS sensitivity reported more social pleasure during social inclusion. BIS sensitivity was negatively correlated with ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activity during social exclusion. Finally, VLPFC activity partially mediated the relationship between BIS sensitivity and social pain experienced during social exclusion. |
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Keywords: | BIS/BAS Social pain Social pleasure VLPFC NIRS |
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