Open field habituation learning is improved by nicotine and attenuated by mecamylamine administered posttrial into the nucleus accumbens |
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| Authors: | Schildein S Huston J P Schwarting R K W |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Nuclear Medicine Unit San Raffaele Hospital, Division of Neuroscience San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy;2. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK;4. Neurology Imaging Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK;5. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;6. Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;7. Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden;8. Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Alzheimer Research, Stockholm, Sweden;9. European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany;10. Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany;1. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich;2. Allergy and Immunology, St Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich;3. Pediatrics, St Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich;1. Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan;2. Department of Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Shimogamohangicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan;3. Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan;1. Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, USA;2. Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center (DEARC), Binghamton University, USA;1. Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007, Salamanca, Spain;2. Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Calle Zacarías González 2, 37007, Salamanca, Spain;3. Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Valladolid, CSIC, Calle Sanz y Fores 3, 47003, Valladolid, Spain;4. CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Using the paradigm of habituation learning in the open field, we tested the effects of unilateral microinjections of the agonist nicotine (8.0, 40.0, and 80.0 microg) and the nicotine receptor antagonist mecamylamine (0.1, 1.0, 10.0 microg) into the core of the nucleus accumbens. When injected posttrial, that is, immediately after the first exposure to the open field, nicotine dose-dependently enhanced behavioral habituation during the test on the following day, indicating a facilitation of memory, whereas mecamylamine impaired habituation at the highest dose, but not at the two lower doses. When injected 5 h after the learning trial, nicotine (40 microg) and mecamylamine (10 microg) impaired habituation on the subsequent day. A control experiment did not provide evidence for possible proactive effects of mecamylamine. These findings are discussed with respect to the possible behavioral functions of cholinergic, and especially nicotinic, mechanisms in the nucleus accumbens. They may also be relevant for understanding cholinergic-linked psychopathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, since the nucleus accumbens is one of the sites where cholinergic neurons are lost in this neurodegenerative disease. |
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| Keywords: | habituation open field acetylcholine nicotine mecamylamine ventral striatum rat. |
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