The focus of attention in working memory: evidence from a word updating task |
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Authors: | Janczyk Markus Grabowski Joachim |
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Affiliation: | Department of Psychology III, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. markus.janczyk@uni-wuerzburg.de |
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Abstract: | Three experiments examined the cognitive costs of item switching within working memory with a novel word updating task, thereby extending previous research to the field of linguistic stimuli and linguistic-graphemic updating operations. In Experiments 1 and 2 costs for switching between working memory items were evident on the word level, and they increased with an increasing word set size (Experiment 2). In contrast, a surprisingly similar switch effect on the level of letters was not affected by word set size (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 showed that this effect is not simply based on the need for re-orienting visual spatial attention. To account for the overall picture of results, a recursive model of attentional foci is proposed. Moreover, individual working memory span appears to be associated with the accuracy of item switching, but not with its speed. |
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