家庭处境不利儿童的社会性发展研究述评

本文就家庭视角评述国外关于处境不利儿童的社会性发展有关研究。有关文献表明,处境不利儿童的自我概念有明显的外在化特征,区分性低,较少指向未来;他们存在社会信息加工中的译码困难和归因偏向,其信息加工技能和认知控制技能都存在一定的问题,社会性情绪发展也存在诸多困难;他们的亲子依恋往往是不安全甚至矛盾类型;他们往往难以被同伴所接纳,在交往中更多地表现出适应不良性行为,其友谊质量也比较差,但自我效能、自我调节以及良好的群体特征是改善其同伴交往的重要因素;家庭的各种不利因素还会对其社会交活动中的活动能力、活动数量、活动水平和活动技能带来影响,在他们身上也更容易出现攻击、退缩以及各种过错行为和违法犯罪行为。当前,有关这些儿童的神经生理与心理学结合的研究也正在进行之中。

Review of the Researches on Social development of Family-related Disadvantaged Children

This paper reviews foreign studies on social development of family-related disadvantaged children.Related literature indicated that,these children have a more externalized,less differentiated and less future-oriented view of self;They have a difficult in decoding of social information process,in development of socioemotional,and have the bias of attribution;both of their skill of information process and cognitive control functioning have some problems.They have often inadequate or insecure attachment relationship with fosters,lower peer acceptance,more maladjusted behavior,lower quality of friendship,but their peer intercourse can be improved by preferable self-efficiency,self-regulatory, and advantaged group atmosphere.Disadvantaged factors from families will influence on their activities competence,number of activities,level of activities,skills in activities.Additionally,these factors will bring them more aggression,withdraw,delinquency and other deviant behavior.Currently,the integration of neurobiological and psychological research is going on.