3~5岁幼儿自我延迟满足的发展特点及其中澳跨文化比较

采用实验室实验和情境观察相结合的方法，考察了我国3~5岁幼儿自我延迟满足发展的特点及中澳幼儿自我延迟满足的跨文化差异。研究结果表明：(1) 3~5岁幼儿自我延迟满足平均延迟时间随年龄增长而延长；3岁幼儿使用延迟策略少，4岁幼儿主要使用寻求策略，5岁幼儿主要使用寻求策略和自我分心、问题解决策略，自我言语控制策略在整个幼儿期始终不具有显著优势性。(2) 澳大利亚幼儿自我延迟满足发展水平高于我国同龄幼儿；在延迟策略选择上中澳幼儿既具有差异性，又具有一定的相似性；文化价值观通过教育影响着幼儿自我延迟满足的发展。

STRATEGIES USED BY 3 TO 5 YEARS OLD CHILDREN ON A SELF-IMPOSED DELAY OF GRATIFICATION TASK INCLUDING A CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON BETWEEN CHINA AND AUSTRALIA

Using the experiment of self-imposed delay of gratification and situational observation, the developmental characteristics of 3 to 5 years old Chinese children's self-imposed delay of gratification and the cross-cultural differences between 3.5 to 4.5 years old Chinese and Australian children's self-imposed delay of gratification were investigated. The results show that the 3 to 5 years old Chinese children's self-imposed delay of gratification develops with age increasing. 3-year-old children rarely used delay strategies, 4-year-old children's central delay strategies are the pursuant strategies, 5-year-old children's central delay strategies are the pursuant strategies and self-distraction and problem-solving strategies, and the self-verbal-control strategies haven't showed the significant advantage role. In addition, the results also suggest that the 3.5 to 4.5 years old Australian children's self-imposed delay of gratification is higher than that of the Chinese children of the same age. And there are significant differences and similarities in both between Chinese and Australian children's development of self-imposed delay of gratification on choosing the delay strategies. The different culture values affect the development of young children's self-imposed delay of gratification through the different education.