关于严重突发事件危机干预的研究评述

对国外关于严重突发事件危机干预的研究作了概览与评述。认为有两点值得关注：其一，危机干预中的评估的重要性。在干预中，评估是进行干预的前提条件，更贯穿干预过程的始终。干预者必须通过不断评估确定危机的严重程度，不断确定当事人的心理状态，才能确定采用相应的应付策略和支持系统等。其二，国外许多不同的干预模式具有3个特征：一是阶段划分技术，将干预过程划分为不同的阶段，针对不同阶段的特点采取不同的措施与策略。二是整合倾向，将不同的干预模式、支持资源加以整合，使干预的效果达到最佳水平。三是特异性发展，即针对不同人群、不同应激情境作深度拓展，发挥干预的特异性效果。“非典”流行对我国的危机干预体系是一个严峻的考验，我国面对严重突发事件的危机干预体系还有待于健全。虽然不能照搬外国的干预模式，但是其思路与技术、经验与教训还是值得我们借鉴的。

A Review of Crisis Intervention of Critical Incident

Reviewing the research of crisis intervention of critical incident. Two aspects should be paid much attention to: 1. the importance of assessment in the crisis intervention. Assessment is the precondition of intervention, running through the whole process of the intervention. 2. Many intervention models have three characters: (1) Technology for stage partition which divide the intervention process as different stages and take different tactics. (2) Integration trend. It integrates different intervention models and resource of support to improve the effect of intervention to the best level. (3) Taking different tactics for the different people and different stress situations. SARS prevalence is a serious test for the crisis intervention system in our country. As the crisis intervention system in our country is not perfect, the intervention models, experience and lesson deserve to use for reference.