小学儿童对习俗时间的周期性特点的认知

本研究探讨了小学儿童对习俗时间周期性特点的认知发展．实验任务是让被试判断两个给定日期之间的时间距离是正向接近还是反向接近。结果表明:儿童对习俗时间的周期性特点的认知成绩随年龄增长而不断提高；随着两个日期之间距离的增大，反应时不断增加，正确率不断降低，在两个日期相互接近的方向发生改变的边界处，反应时最长，正确率最低，表现出显著的“距离效应”和“边界效应”；儿童可以利用数字系统进行判断，他们的认知加工策略包括计数、数字运算和凭借习俗时间的空间表象进行模拟加工等等。

PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS' COGNITION OF CYCLIC ASPECTS OF CONVENTIONAL TIME

The experiment was conducted to study primary school pupils'ability to judge cyclic relations between the days of the week- 20primary school pupils from grades 1, 3, 5, and 20 university students,ho served as subjects, were asked to judge whether a given day of theweek was closer to the reference day going forward or backward in time. The results showed that: 1)The scores of cognitive processesunderlying performance on the tasks of conventional time increased withage; 2) The Hdistance effectn and the "boundary effect" were bothsignificant. The response time and the number of errors increased withthe growth of the distances between two dates, and the longest responsetime and the greatest number of errors occurred adjacent to the forward - backward boundary; 3 ) The subjects could use numbers to solve theproblems of time- lst, 3rd and 5th graders solved the problems by meansof counting and recitation, most of the 20-year -old subjects solved theproblems by means of calculation of numbers and image processing.