Position of the non-stance leg during the single leg squat affects females and males differently |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, USA;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Virginia, USA;3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia, USA;1. Sports Medicine & Movement Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Alabama, United States;2. Andrews Research & Education Foundation, Gulf Breeze, Florida, United States;1. Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal;2. CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal;3. Instituto Piaget de Almada, Almada, Portugal;1. Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy;3. Exercise Physiology and Physical Assessment Laboratory, Serra Gaúcha University Center, Caxias do Sul, Brazil;4. Integrated Colleges of Taquara (FACCAT), Taquara, Brazil;1. Health and Sports Medicine Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;2. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands;3. Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundKinematic differences between females and males for the single leg squat (SLS) have been identified. However, kinetic differences between sexes and how variations of the non-stance leg position during the SLS may affect kinematics and kinetics differently in females and males have not been examined.ObjectivesExamine sex-specific kinematic and kinetic differences during the SLS task with 3 different non-stance leg positions.DesignControlled laboratory study, cross-sectional design.MethodsThirty-two healthy adults (16 females, 16 males) performed the 3 SLS tasks while data were collected using a motion capture system and force plates. At 60 degrees of knee flexion (60KF) and peak knee flexion (PKF), kinematics and joint moments were compared between sexes and SLS tasks using a linear regression analysis.ResultsFemales exhibited less ipsilateral trunk flexion (P < 0.001) and greater anterior pelvic tilt (P ≤ 0.021) and hip adduction (P < 0.001) than males across tasks at 60KF and PKF. Across tasks, females had a smaller knee flexion moment than males at PKF (P = 0.001). Females had a greater hip abduction moment during SLS-Front than SLS-Middle (P = 0.044) and SLS-Back (P = 0.003) at PKF, but males had similar hip abduction moments across tasks (P ≥ 0.299). At 60KF, males had a greater knee adduction moment during SLS-Front compared to the other tasks (P ≤ 0.019) while females had similar hip abduction moments across tasks (P ≥ 0.459).ConclusionAltering the non-stance leg position during the SLS affects the kinematics and kinetics of both females and males. The position of the non-stance leg can be modified for assessment and treatment purposes and should be reported in research. |
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| Keywords: | Biomechanics Kinematics Kinetics Movement task Single leg squat |
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