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Quantitative assessment of drawing tests in children with dyslexia and dysgraphia
Institution:1. Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy;2. Department of Education and Human Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy;3. “San Raffaele Cassino”, San Raffaele SPA, Cassino, Italy;4. Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy;5. IRCCS “San Raffaele Pisana”, Tosinvest Sanità, Roma, Italy;1. Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA;2. The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami – Miami, FL 33136, USA;1. IRCCS “E. Medea”, Polo FVG, San Vito al Tagliamento (PN), Italy;2. Fisica Medica A.O. Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy;3. Unità Operativa di Neuroradiologia, A.O. Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy;4. Unità Operativa di Neurochirurgia, A.O. Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine, Italy;5. Dipartimento di Scienze Umane, Università di Udine, Italy;6. Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Italy;1. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, GIPSA-lab (CNRS UMR 5216), Grenoble, France;2. University of Alabama, New College, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA;1. Lancaster University, United Kingdom;2. University of Kent, United Kingdom;3. University of Bristol, United Kingdom
Abstract:Drawing tests in children diagnosed with dyslexia and dysgraphia were quantitatively compared. Fourteen children with dysgraphia, 19 with dyslexia and 13 normally developing were asked to copy 3 figures: a circle, a square and a cross. An optoelectronic system allowed the acquisition of the drawing track in three-dimensions. The participants’ head position and upper limb movements were measured as well. A set of parameters including movement duration, velocity, length of the trace, Range of Motion of the upper limb, was computed and compared among the 3 groups. Children with dyslexia traced the circle faster than the other groups. In the cross test, dyslexic participants showed a reduced execution time and increased velocity while drawing the horizontal line. Children with dyslexia were also faster in drawing certain sides of square with respect to the other groups.
Keywords:Dysgraphia  Dyslexia  Drawing test  Learning disabilities  Motor control  Movement analysis
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