Visuomotor error augmentation affects mediolateral head and trunk stabilization during walking |
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| Institution: | 1. Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan;2. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Cyprus;1. Division of Audiology and Neurootology, Department of ORL, University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland;2. Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland;3. Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Switzerland;1. Laboratory of Neurobiology of Motor Control, Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Moscow, Russia;2. Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy;1. Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel;2. Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel;3. Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;4. Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;5. Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States;6. City College, New York, United States;1. Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 323 Benedum Engineering Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States;2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 1300 WPIC, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States;3. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, 500 Eye&Ear Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States;1. INRAP, French Institute for Preventive Archaeological Researches, 561 rue Etienne Lenoir, km delta, 30900, Nîmes, France;2. IFAS, French Institute of South African Studies, 62 Juta Street, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa;3. School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of Witwatersrand, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa;4. UMR 5319 Passages, CNRS-University of Bordeaux and Bordeaux-Montaigne, France;5. Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA;6. Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of Witwatersrand, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa;7. Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, Birmingham, AL, 35254, USA;8. Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa;9. Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, The William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK;10. Department of Rheumatology, Aintree University Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, L9 7AL, UK;11. Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA;12. Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA;13. Department of Geology and Paleontology, Georgian National Museum, Tbilisi, 0105, Georgia;14. Centre for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, UK;15. Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA;p. Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Prior work demonstrates that humans spontaneously synchronize their head and trunk kinematics to a broad range of driving frequencies of perceived mediolateral motion prescribed using optical flow. Using a closed-loop visuomotor error augmentation task in an immersive virtual environment, we sought to understand whether unifying visual with vestibular and somatosensory feedback is a control goal during human walking, at least in the context of head and trunk stabilization. We hypothesized that humans would minimize visual errors during walking – i.e., those between the visual perception of movement and actual movement of the trunk. We found that subjects did not minimize errors between the visual perception of movement and actual movement of the head and trunk. Rather, subjects increased mediolateral trunk range of motion in response to error-augmented optical flow with positive feedback gains. Our results are more consistent with our alternative hypothesis – that visual feedback can override other sensory modalities and independently compel adjustments in head and trunk position. Also, aftereffects following exposure to error-augmented optical flow included longer, narrower steps and reduced mediolateral postural sway, particularly in response to larger amplitude positive feedback gains. Our results allude to a recalibration of head and trunk stabilization toward more tightly regulated postural control following exposure to error-augmented visual feedback. Lasting reductions in mediolateral postural sway may have implications for using error-augmented optical flow to enhance the integrity of walking balance control through training, for example in older adults. |
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