Antenatal determinants of early childhood talking delay and behavioural difficulties |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;2. Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;3. School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;4. School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia;5. Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;1. Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States;2. Department of Psychology/Human Development Training Area, College of Staten Island/The Graduate Center of the CUNY, NY, United States;1. Department of Psychology, Logan Hall, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States;2. UNM College of Population Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States;3. Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States;1. Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States;2. Department of Psychology, New York University, United States |
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| Abstract: | The determinants of talking delay alone or its comorbidity with behavioural difficulties was examined in 5768 two-year-old members of the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal study. Using the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development inventories and the total difficulties score from the preschool Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, a composite measure was created so that children were categorised as showing no language or behavioural concerns (72.5%), behavioural only difficulties (6.1%), language only difficulties (18.1%), and comorbid language and behavioural difficulties (3.3%). Analyses revealed that antenatal factors such as maternal perceived stress, inadequate folate intake, vitamin intake, alcohol consumption during the first trimester and maternal smoking all had a significant effect on child outcomes. In particular, low multivitamin intake and perceived stress during pregnancy were associated with coexisting language and behavioural difficulties. These findings support international research in showing that maternal factors during pregnancy are associated with developmental outcomes in the early childhood period, and demonstrate these associations within a NZ context. Interventions which address maternal stress management and health behaviours during pregnancy could be beneficial to offspring development. |
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| Keywords: | Antenatal Childhood Language delay Behaviour Longitudinal Comorbidity Milestone |
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