Spontaneous visual search during the first two years: Improvement with age but no evidence of efficient search |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States;2. Department of Psychology/Human Development Training Area, College of Staten Island/The Graduate Center of the CUNY, NY, United States;1. Ruhr University Bochum, Germany;2. Bielefeld University, Germany;1. Utrecht University, Utrecht institute of Linguistics OTS (UiL OTS), Trans 10, 3512 JK Utrecht, the Netherlands;2. Utrecht University, Department of Methodology and Statistics, Padualaan 14, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands;3. University of Amsterdam Research Institute of Child, Development and Education (RICDE), P.O. Box 15780, 1001 NG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;1. Department of Psychology, Logan Hall, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States;2. UNM College of Population Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States;3. Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States;1. Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA |
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| Abstract: | Efficient visual search, wherein reaction times to acquire targets are largely independent of array size, is commonly observed in adults. Evidence for efficient search in infants may imply that selective attention to visual features is similar across development. In the current cross-sectional eye-tracking study, we examined spontaneous visual search at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Infants were presented with Random arrays (one target among 7, 13, or 26 pseudorandomly distributed elements) and Circle arrays (one target among 4, 7, or 13 elements arranged in a circle). Contrary to predictions, we did not find evidence of efficient search among infants. With increasing array size, time-to-target increased, the proportion of targets fixated (analogous to accuracy) decreased, and the proportion of first looks to the target decreased for both types of array (ps < .001). For Random arrays, the proportion of first looks to the target was similar to chance for all ages and array sizes; for Circle arrays, it exceeded chance for some ages and array sizes. The proportion of targets fixated and first looks to target increased with age across display types (ps < .05). We also tested adults with the same stimuli under similar conditions; the adults showed evidence of efficient visual search. Possible explanations and implications are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Visual search Visual attention Development Infancy |
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