Joint range of motion entropy changes in response to load carriage in military personnel |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, UK;2. School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Sighthill, Edinburgh, UK;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Orthopaedic Hospital, New York, New York, USA;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA;3. Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA;1. Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA;2. US. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, MA, USA;3. Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Belcamp, MD, USA;4. Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA, USA;1. Perceptual-Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada;2. Department of Psychological Science, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI 49855, USA;1. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza, University of Rome, Italy;2. Movement Analysis LAB, Policlinico Italia, Rome, Italy;3. IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy;4. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Mechanical & Thermal Measurement Lab, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy;5. Pia Fondazione Panico, Tricase, Lecce, Italy;6. IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy;7. Department of NESMOS, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy;1. Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, UMR_T9406, LBMC, F69622 Lyon, France;2. Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, 75013 Paris, France |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundOveruse accounts for 82% of injuries in military personnel, and these occur predominantly in the spine and lower limbs. While non-linear analyses have shown changes in overall stability of the movement during load carriage, individual joint contributions have not been studied. The concept of entropy compensation between task, organism and environmental constraints is studied at a joint level.Research questionThe aim of this study was to investigate whether using different methods of loading by military personnel would have an effect on the sample entropy of the joint ranges of motion.MethodsEleven male reserve infantry army soldiers (age: 22 ± 2 years; height: 1.80 ± 0.06 m; mass: 89.3 ± 14.4 kg) walked an outdoor, 800 m course under 5 load conditions: unloaded, 15 kg backpack, 25 kg backpack, 15 kg webbing and backpack and 25 kg webbing and backpack. Kinematic data was recorded at 240 Hz using the Xsens motion capture system. The ranges of motion (ROM) of the spine, hips and knee were calculated for each gait cycle. Mean ROM, coefficient of variation (CV) of the ROM and the sample entropy of the ROM were compared between conditions.ResultsSpine side flexion ROM decreased significantly from the control condition in all loaded conditions, while sample entropy of the spine side flexion ROM increased in some conditions with no significant change in CV. Conversely, the hip flexion ROM increased significantly from the control, while sample entropy of the hip flexion ROM decreased.SignificanceThese results suggest that entropy compensation may propagate at a joint level. Understanding that a decrease in certainty with which a joint angle is selected, may be accompanied by an increase at a neighbouring joint. This could be significant in monitoring injuries as a result of environmental or task constraints. |
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| Keywords: | Military Load carriage Gait Sample entropy Non-linear |
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