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Gender differences in coordination variability between shank and rearfoot during running
Affiliation:1. Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N IN4, Canada;2. Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N IN4, Canada;3. Running Injury Clinic, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W, Calgary, Alberta T2N IN4, Canada;1. Center for Sensory-Motoric Interaction (SMI®), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark;2. Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, DK-9800 Hjoerring, Denmark;3. Department of Rheumatology, Hjørring Hospital, Bispensgade 37, DK-9800 Hjørrring, Denmark;4. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, DK-9000, Denmark;5. King Christian 10th Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Southern Denmark, Toldbodgade 3, DK-6300 Gråsten, Denmark;6. Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark;1. Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark;2. Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark;1. College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Program in Kinesiology, Oregon State University-Cascades, Bend, OR, USA;2. Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA;3. Department of Physical Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC;1. Department of Bioengineering, Shinshu University, Japan;2. Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
Abstract:Female recreational runners are 2–3 times more likely to suffer from knee injury compared with male runners. However, the exact reason for this gender difference regarding knee injury remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate gender differences in coordination variability between shank and rearfoot during running using statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Eleven healthy males and eleven healthy females ran on a treadmill. A modified vector coding technique procedure was used to create joint coupling between shank internal/external rotation and rearfoot eversion/inversion. The standard deviation of each coupling was computed as a measure of coordination variability during the stance phase. All trajectory data of coordination variability between genders were analyzed using a two-sample t-test of SPM. No differences in the normalized spatiotemporal parameters of speed, cadence and step length were found between males and females. SPM showed no significant differences between the genders in coordination variability. This study demonstrated that coordination variability between the shank and rearfoot during running may not be associated with the different incidence rates of knee injuries among male and female participants.
Keywords:Gender difference  Running injury  Statistical parametric mapping  Coordination variability
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