Inter-joint coordination patterns differ between younger and older runners |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States;2. Department of Human Health and Human Performance, Kean University, Union, NJ, United States;3. Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States;4. Nike World Headquarters, Beaverton, OR, United States;1. Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;2. Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA;1. Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium;2. Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Biomedical Kinesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium;3. Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium;1. Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA;2. Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC;1. School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom;2. School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;1. Department for Health, University of Bath, UK;2. Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA |
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| Abstract: | Older runners are at greater risk of certain running-related injuries. Previous work demonstrated that aging influences running biomechanics, and suggest a compensatory relation between changes in the proximal and distal joints. Previous comparisons of interjoint coordination strategies between young and older runners could potentially have missed relevant differences by averaging coordination measures across time.ObjectiveTo compare coordination strategies between male runners under the age of 30 to those over the age of 60.MethodsTwelve young (22 ± 3 yrs, 1.80 ± 0.07 m, 78.0 ± 12.1 kg) and 12 older (63 ± 3 yrs, 1.78 ± 0.06 m, 73.2 ± 15.8 kg) male runners ran at 3.35 m/s on an instrumented treadmill. Ankle frontal plane, tibial transverse plane, knee sagittal plane, and hip frontal plane motion were measured. Inter-joint coordination was calculated using a modified vector coding technique. Coordination patterns and variability time series were compared between groups throughout stance using ANOVA for circular data.ResultsAt the ankle, older runners use in-phase propulsion (inversion, tibia external rotation) pattern following midstance (46–47% stance) while young runners are still in an in-phase collapse pattern (eversion, tibia external rotation). In coordination of the knee and hip, older runners maintained an in-phase collapse pattern (knee flexion, hip adduction) approaching midstance (35–37% stance), while younger runners use an out of phase strategy (knee extension, hip adduction). In coordination of the ankle and hip in the frontal plane, older runners again maintained an in phase collapse pattern up to midstance (34–39% stance), while younger runners used an out of phase strategy (ankle inversion, hip adduction). Variability was similar between age groups.ConclusionOlder runners appear to display altered coordination patterns during mid-stance, which may indicate protective biomechanical adaptations. These changes may also have implications for performance in older runners. |
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| Keywords: | Aging Biomechanics Hip Knee Ankle |
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