Fractal properties and short-term correlations in motor control in cycling: influence of a cognitive challenge |
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| Institution: | 1. CATIE – Centre Aquitain des Technologies de l’Information et Electroniques, Talence, France;2. Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire IMS, UMR 5218, Talence, France;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A.;2. Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Walnut Creek Medical Center, Walnut Creek, California, U.S.A.;1. Department of Occupational Therapy and Healthy Aging Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan;2. Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan;3. Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan;4. Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan;5. Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan;6. Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan;7. Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States;8. Department of Physiological Sciences, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States;1. Chest and Thoracic Surgery Service, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium;2. Department of Pneumology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium;3. Institute for Pulmonary Rehabilitation Research, Schoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land, Schoenau am Koenigssee, Germany;4. Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Physiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium;5. Laboratory of Functional Anatomy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium;6. Research Unit in Cardio-respiratory Physiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium;7. Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Recherche Clinique, Ecole de Santé Publique, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium;8. Department of Electronics and Informatics - ETRO, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Fluctuations in cyclic tasks periods is a known characteristic of human motor control. Specifically, long-range fractal fluctuations have been evidenced in the temporal structure of these variations in human locomotion and thought to be the outcome of a multicomponent physiologic system in which control is distributed across intricate cortical, spinal and neuromuscular regulation loops.Combined with long-range correlation analyses, short-range autocorrelations have proven their use to describe control distribution across central and motor components.We used relevant tools to characterize long- and short-range correlations in revolution time series during cycling on an ergometer in 19 healthy young adults. We evaluated the impact of introducing a cognitive task (PASAT) to assess the role of central structures in control organization.Autocorrelation function and detrending fluctuation analysis (DFA) demonstrated the presence of fractal scaling. PSD in the short range revealed a singular behavior which cannot be explained by the usual models of even-based and emergent timing.The main outcomes are that (1) timing in cycling is a fractal process, (2) this long-range fractal behavior increases in persistence with dual-task condition, which has not been previously observed, (3) short-range behavior is highly persistent and unaffected by dual-task.Relying on the inertia of the oscillator may be a way to distribute more control to the periphery, thereby allocating less resources to central process and better managing additional cognitive demands. This original behavior in cycling may explain the high short-range persistence unaffected by dual-task, and the increase in long-range persistence with dual-task. |
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| Keywords: | Motor timing Fractal Timing nature Cycling |
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