Gradual increase of perturbation load induces a longer retention of locomotor adaptation in children with cerebral palsy |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China;2. Legs and Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan Abilitylab, Chicago, USA;3. Department of PM&R, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, USA;1. Department of Neurology, The Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;2. Department of Pediatrics, The Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;3. Division of Pediatric Neurology, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, California;4. Department of Psychology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;5. Clinical and Translational Research Center, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;6. Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;7. Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;1. Thomas Jefferson University, School of Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, 901 Walnut Street, Room 516, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;2. University of Delaware, Department of Physical Therapy, USA;3. University of Delaware, Graduate Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science, USA;1. Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD, USA;2. Human Cortical Physiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD, USA;3. Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD, USA;4. Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD, USA;1. Department of Kinesiology, California State University Fullerton, 800 North State College Blvd., Room KHS-121, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA;2. School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Montpetit Hall, 125 University, Room 232, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;3. Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Botterell Hall, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;4. Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Ivor Wynne Centre, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;1. Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom;3. Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;4. Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;5. School of Psychology, University of East London, London, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | The goal of this study is to determine whether the size and the variability of error have an impact on the retention of locomotor adaptation in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Eleven children with CP, aged 7–16 years old, were recruited to participate in this study. Three types of force perturbations (i.e., abrupt, gradual and noisy loads) were applied to the right leg above the ankle starting from late stance to mid-swing in three test sessions while the subject walked on a treadmill. Spatial-temporal gait parameters were recorded using a custom designed 3D position sensor during treadmill walking. We observed that children with CP adapted to the resistance force perturbation and showed an aftereffect consisting of increased step length after load release. Further, we observed a longer retention of the aftereffect for the condition with a gradual load than that with an abrupt load. Results from this study suggested that the size of error might have an impact on the retention of motor adaptation in children with CP with a longer retention of motor adaptation for the condition with a small size of error than that with a large error. In addition, enhanced variability of error seems facilitate motor learning during treadmill training. Results from this study may be used for the development of force perturbation based training paradigms for improving walking function in children with CP. |
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| Keywords: | Cerebral palsy Children Locomotion Motor adaptation Aftereffect Error size |
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