Noninvasive brain stimulation over M1 and DLPFC cortex enhances the learning of bimanual isometric force control |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Major in Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;3. School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;1. Department of Psychology, University of California, 94704, Berkeley, CA, USA;2. Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, 94704, Berkeley, CA, USA;3. Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, 44139, Dortmund, Germany;1. Combat Sports Laboratory, Department of Sports, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil;2. Nucleus of Neurosciences of the Movement (NNeuroM), Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil;3. Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, Sport Department, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo – Brazil; Combat Centre, Australian Institute of Sport, Australia;4. Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Mental Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil;1. Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan;2. The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan;3. Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Japan;1. Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Sagami Women’s University, Kanagawa, Japan;2. Faculty of Development and Education, Uekusa Gakuen University, Chiba, Japan;3. Faculty of Education, Graduate School of Education, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan;4. Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Education, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Motor learning plays an important role in upper-limb function and the recovery of lost functionality. This study aimed to investigate the relative impact of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on learning in relation to the left primary motor cortex (M1) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during bimanual isometric force-control tasks performed with both hands under different task constraints. In a single-blind cross-over design, 20 right-handed participants were randomly assigned to either the M1 group (n = 10; mean age, 22.90 ± 1.66 years, mean ± standard deviation) or the DLPFC group (n = 10; mean age, 23.20 ± 1.54 years). Each participant received 30 min of tDCS (anodal or sham, applied randomly in two experiments) while performing the bimanual force control tasks. Anodal tDCS of the M1 improved the accuracy of maintenance and rhythmic alteration of force tasks, while anodal tDCS of the DLPFC improved only the maintenance of the force control tasks compared with sham tDCS. Hence, tDCS over the left M1 and DLPFC has a beneficial effect on the learning of bimanual force control. |
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| Keywords: | Motor learning Bimanual force control Primary motor cortex Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Transcranial direct current stimulation |
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