Gait symmetric adaptation: Comparing effects of implicit visual distortion versus split-belt treadmill on aftereffects of adapted step length symmetry |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States;2. Biomedical Engineering, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, United States;3. School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States;1. School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;2. Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands;3. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;1. Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France;2. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, MAS Marquiol, Toulouse, France;1. Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA;2. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA;3. Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA;1. Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA;2. School of Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA;3. Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA |
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| Abstract: | Understanding gait adaptation is essential for rehabilitation, and visual feedback can be used during gait rehabilitation to develop effective gait training. We have previously shown that subjects can adapt spatial aspects of walking to an implicitly imposed distortion of visual feedback of step length. To further investigate the storage benefit of an implicit process engaged in visual feedback distortion, we compared the robustness of aftereffects acquired by visual feedback distortion, versus split-belt treadmill walking. For the visual distortion trial, we implicitly distorted the visual representation of subjects’ gait symmetry, whereas for the split-belt trial, the speed ratio of the two belts was gradually adjusted without visual feedback. After adaptation, the visual feedback or the split-belt perturbation was removed while subjects continued walking, and aftereffects of preserved asymmetric pattern were assessed. We found that subjects trained with visual distortion trial retained aftereffects longest. In response to the larger speed ratio of split-belt walking, the subjects showed an increase in the size of aftereffects compared to the smaller speed ratio, but it steeply decreased over time in all the speed ratios tested. In contrast, the visual distortion group showed much slower decreasing rate of aftereffects, which was evidence of longer storage of an adapted gait pattern. Visual distortion adaptation may involve the interaction and integration of the change in motor strategy and implicit process in sensorimotor adaptation. Although it should be clarified more clearly through further studies, the findings of this study suggest that gait control employs distinct adaptive processes during the visual distortion and split-belt walking and also the level of reliance of an implicit process may be greater in the visual distortion adaptation than the split-belt walking adaptation. |
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| Keywords: | Gait rehabilitation Visual feedback distortion Step length symmetry Motor adaptation Locomotion Aftereffect |
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