成年人分类概括力水平的年龄差异及其与记忆的关系

采用威斯康星卡片分类测验（Ｗｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｎｃａｒｄｓｏｒｔｉｎｇｔｅｓｔ，ＷＣＳＴ）对青年组（２０—２５岁）、老年组（６０—６５岁）和老老年组（７０—７５岁）共９０例被试进行分类概括力水平测试，并在结束测试时询问被试与测试有关的几个问题。结果显示：青年组分类概括力水平明显高于老年组；坚持性错误数、非坚持性错误数和总错误数以及坚持性反应数，青年组明显少于老年组；完成作业平均用时间，青年组明显比老年组短；老老年组ＷＣＳＴ多数项目的成绩明显高于老年组；分类概括力水平与记忆密切相关；某些元认知项目与分类概括力水平表现出一致的趋势。

AGE DIFFERENCES IN THE LEVEL OF CATEGORICAL GENERALIZATION OF ADULTS AND THEIR RELATION WITH MEMORY

Ninety subjects,forming the young(20-25 yrs old),old (60-65 yrs old) and aged (75-80 yrs old) groups,were tested byWisconsin card sorting test(WCST). After the test they wereasked some quotions about the. The results showed: 1)The level of abstract generalization ability in the young groupwas significantly higher than that of the old groups; 2) Theerrors of perseveration,unperseveration and total errors in theyoung group -were obviously few.r than those of the oldgroups; On averag,the young group took less time to fin finish the tasks than the other two groups; 4) It was interestingthat most of the results of WCST in the aged group were obviously better than those of the old group 5)The abstract generalization ability was closely correlated to memory ; 6 )Some results of the task of metacognition were consistent with WCST.