不同母语类型留学生表达汉语句子的比较

以汉语句式为测试材料，研究留学生母语是否影响他们习得汉语的问题。结果发现，留学生在主动宾句、主谓谓语句/领属句、主谓谓语句（受事主语句）和“把”字句2上的成绩表现出与其母语类型相关的规律性，母语是英语的留学生与母语是日语和韩语的留学生有显著差异。与母语语法规则接近的汉语句式较易掌握，反之就较难。这一结果提示，母语语法影响留学生习得汉语语法，在初等汉语水平阶段需要按授课对象的母语类型组织教学。

THE COMPARISON OF THE PRODUCTION OF CHINESE SENTENCES IN FOREIGN STUDENTS WHOSE NATIVE LANGUAGES ARE DIFFIERENT IN TYPOLOGY

This study explored whether foreign students' native languages affect their Chinese grammar acquisition. The subjects were native English, Japanese, and Korean speakers whose Chinese was at the elementary level . Six constructions of Chinese sentences, including subject-verb-object(zhu dong bin)construction, two topic-comment constructions, two Ba constructions, and Bei construction were chosen as the test materials. In the study, the subjects were requested to choose suitable words from the list in the questionnaire, to compare grammatical structure of each example sentence given, then make a corresponding sentence whose grammatical structure was similar to that of the example sentence. Six sentences were made one by one. The rules were defined to score each of the sentences which the subjects made after the test. The results showed that their performances were related to their native languages. There was significant difference between the subjects whose native language was English and those whose native languages were Japanese and Korean in the production of four Chinese sentence constructions: subject-verb-object construction, two topic-comment constructions and one of Ba constructions. The Chinese sentence constructions similar to their native language were mastered more easily than those different to their native language. The findings supported the notion that second language acquisition is affected by learners' native language and suggested that the foreign students should be taught according to the types of their native languages while teaching Chinese as a second language at the elementary level.