发展性计算障碍的最新研究进展

发展性计算障碍是一种影响算术技能获得的特定的学习障碍。截至目前,有关发展性计算障碍的认知与神经机制的理论尚存分歧,有关诊断与鉴别标准也未统一。近年来,对于发展性计算障碍的理论假设有从一般认知因素取向到数学特定因素取向发展的趋势。而随着脑成像技术的不断发展,对于发展性计算障碍神经机制的研究也从针对单个脑区的特异性功能发展到从功能连接网络角度进行研究。并且研究者们开始尝试开发基于数学认知基本理论的干预方法,并采用了利用生物技术手段的新方法。基因-脑-行为的整合研究将有助于全面揭示发展性计算障碍的发生机制,而建立在系统理论基础上经过科学评估的干预手段将可能有效促进障碍者的计算能力。

Advances in the Research of Developmental Dyscalculia

There have been growing numbers of researches conducted on developmental dyscalculia these years. However, there are still controversies on the mechanism of how dyscalculia developed, and the diagnosis criteria as well. Recent researches have suggested that the main cause of developmental dyscalculia could be a selective deficit in a domain-specific capacity instead of the claim of more domain-general cognitive deficit. The researches on the neural mechanisms of developmental dyscalculia have also shifted from focusing on single brain area to the new approach of investigating the brain functional connectivity between various locations. On the basis of research on the cognitive and neural mechanism of developmental dyscalculia, researchers have tried to apply the theoretic finding into educational practice. And in the future, the new finding towards the mechanism and the intervention effect of developmental dyscalculia is expected from integrated data from behavioral, neural and genetic perspectives.