验证性因素分析:问卷题数及小样本应用策略

验证性因素分析在心理、教育等研究应用日广。本文引用三个模拟数据研究，提出一些在分析时的应用策略，包括用较多题目及强制同一因子的负荷相等。样本容量一般愈大愈好，但当资源等条件有限制时，上述两个技巧，可协助解决叠代收敛问题，并能更准确估计各重要参数。此外，一些方法如：每因子只得两题目、当样本只得约１００人时每因子用少於四题目、将题目合并以其平均数为指标，均可能导致不收敛、高标准误及偏差估计量等问题，不值得推荐。

CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSES: NUMBER OF ITEMS IN QUESTIONNAIRES AND SMALL SAMPLE APPLICATION STRATEGIES

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) has been widely used in psychological andeducational research. By summarizing and referring to results of three simulationstudies, the present paper discussed strategies panicularly relevant to small samplestudies. Specifically, it was suggested that more items should be used and factorloadings can be restrained to be equal within the same factor. Generally, larger sampleis more desirable, but when resource is limited, the above two strategies may solvenon-convergence problems and increase the estimation accuracy of important parameters.Furthemore, the use of two indicators within a factor, the use of less than fourindicators when sample size is only about 100, and the combination of items intoparcels and using their averages as indicators are not recommended because they maylead to non--convergence, large standard error and biased parameter estimation.