语调在6~10岁儿童对不同类型反语认知中的作用

以态度、话语含义和语言现象探测为测量指标，探讨语调对6~10岁儿童不同类型反语认知的影响。结果表明：（1）6~10岁是儿童反语认知能力迅速提高的时期，这不仅表现在儿童对说话人态度和话语含义的理解上，还表现在儿童对反语现象的解释上。但是儿童在反语认知的不同方面表现出发展的不平衡性，6岁儿童已能初步理解反语中说话人的态度和话语的含义，但还不能正确解释反语现象；直至10岁，儿童解释反语现象的能力仍在发展之中。（2）语调（中性语调和强调语调）影响儿童对他人态度和话语含义的理解，在强调语调下，儿童能更好地理解说话人的态度和话语的含义；但语调不影响儿童对语言现象的解释。（3）儿童对不同类型反语（反语批评和反语恭维）认知水平不同，6岁儿童对两类反语的态度判断、话语含义判断和语言现象解释均不存在显著差异；8岁和10岁儿童对两类反语的态度判断和话语含义判断也不存在显著差异，但在语言现象解释上存在显著差异。与反语恭维相比，8岁和10岁儿童能更好地解释反语批评

Effects of Intonation on 6 to 10-Year-Old Children's Cognition of Different Types of Irony

Using attitude, meaning detection, and language phenomenon detections as survey indexes, the study inspected the effects of intonation on the cognition of different types of irony among 6~to10-year-old children in china. The results showed：（1）the children displayed developmental unbalance in different aspects of irony cognition. 6-year-old children have possessed tentative irony cognitive ability, they began to understand the attitude and the discourse meaning of the speaker, but they could not explain irony phenomenon correctly. Until 10-year-old, the ability of children’s interpretation of irony phenomenon were still developing；（2）Intonation （neutral or stressed） affected the attitude detection and meaning detection of children, but had no effects on language phenomenon detection of children；（3）the children’s cognitive levels of different types of irony were different. There were not noticeable differences between 6-year-old children’s interpretations of two types of irony, but there were striking differences between 8-year-old and 10-year-old children’s interpretations of two types of irony. Compared with ironic compliments, 8-year-old and 10-year-old children could interpret ironic criticisms better.