医学论文署名不实现象的伦理审思与对策

提出署名不实的概念，从社会文化层面探讨学术论文署名不实的原因及相应对策，为署名问题的治理提供借鉴。运用文献研究法，对论文署名相关的文献和资料进行分析。相较于署名不当、署名不端，署名不实所涵盖的内容更加全面，更能客观、恰当地概括署名问题。论文署名不实的社会文化因素包括"唯成果论"的学术氛围、学术体制官僚化以及人情观念泛滥。通过开展学术规范与诚信教育、改革科研评价和奖励制度、完善学术期刊建设、加大惩处力度以及加强学术不端惩治监督，达到治理论文署名问题的目的。

Ethical Reflections and Countermeasures on the Untruthful Authorship in Medical Papers

The paper clarifies the connotation of untruthful authorship, explores sociocultural factors behind it, and puts forward countermeasures for reference. The research analyzes related literatures. Comparing with inappropriate authorship and improper authorship, the concept of untruthful authorship is not only more comprehensive, but also more objective and appropriate. "Results-only" academic atmosphere, bureaucratic academic system and nepotism are the factors that cause the onymous problems. The paper puts forward suggestions including training on academic norms and integrity, reforming research evaluation and reward systems, enhancing the development of academic journals, and intensifying punishment on academic dishonourable behavior.