溯因推理视角看妄想信念的生成机制

溯因推理是为事件赋予解释的认知过程,妄想信念可被看作对病态体验赋予的荒谬解释。以溯因推理作为逻辑认知模型,可以分辨妄想信念形成过程中的病态与合理成分。基于该模型,妄想信念的出现需同时满足以下条件:第一,患者产生了虚幻的主观体验,它的产生源自某种生理性病变;第二,患者缺乏对这一解释进行实际验证的动机或能力,因而坚信自己为其赋予的解释。两大因素中前者是与生理反应关系密切的自动过程,后者是与认知能力关系密切的反思过程。

The Generation Mechanism of Delusional Belief from the Perspective of Abductive Inference

Abductive inference is the cognitive process of giving an explanation to an event,and a delusion can be regarded as the absurd explanation given to pathological experience.Using abductive inference as a theoretical model and combining with existing empirical research evidence,we find that this may not be the case.The generation of delusional belief needs to meet the following two factors:first,the patient produces illusory subjective experience,which originates from some physiological pathological changes;second,the patient firmly believes in the explanation given by the subjective experience and lacks the motivation or ability to actually verify the explanation.These two factors correspond to two sets of cognitive processing systems respectively:the former is automatic and closely related to physiological reactions,while the latter is reflective and closely related to cognitive ability.