美国医学人文教育的发展及启示

20世纪以来,伴随医学人文课程的发展,美国医学人文教育经历了启蒙、兴起、发展和拓展四个重要发展阶段,其医学人文教育呈现出培养目标明确,师资队伍学科背景多元,课程设置趋向综合,教育经历贯穿院校教育、毕业后教育和继续教育,教育对象比较多元,教学方法和培养途径多样,考核评价侧重能力转化与提升等发展特征与趋势,为我国医学人文教育发展提供了重要借鉴,启示我国医学人文教育应该转向注重综合课程设置与复合型师资队伍培养、注重学生主体参与的以胜任力为导向的教学模式、注重拓展教育对象受益面和贯穿整个职业生涯。

Implication from the Development of American Medical Humanities Education

Since the 20th century,with the development of medical humanities curriculum,medical humanities education in the United States has experienced four important stages:enlightenment,rise,development and expansion.American medical humanities education has presented the development characteristics and trends of personnel training with clear objectives,diverse teaching staff subject background,comprehensive curriculum,educational experience throughout college education,post-graduation education and continuing education,diverse teaching methods and ways of training,assessment and evaluation focus on ability transformation and promotion,etc.It provides an important reference for the development of medical humanities education in China.It is suggested that the medical humanities education in China should focus on the development of comprehensive curriculum and the training of complex teaching staff,the competencyoriented teaching mode with the participation of student as subject and the development of the beneficiaries of education and throughout the whole doctor's career.