Inconsistency and Ambiguity in Lichtheim′s Model

An in-depth examination of Lichtheim′s neurolinguistic model reveals that it fails even within its 19th century limitations. It fails in that it is neither unambiguous nor exhaustive and it is internally inconsistent. Moreover, given Lichtheim′s explanations of syndromes not predicted by the model it is not even falsifiable. The paradigmatic diagram-maker has failed to produce a model at all.