The Factor Structure of the Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale in Thirteen Distinct Populations |
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| Authors: | Júlia Halamová Martin Kanovský Paul Gilbert Nicholas A. Troop David C. Zuroff Nicola Hermanto Nicola Petrocchi Marion Sommers-Spijkerman James N. Kirby Ben Shahar Tobias Krieger Marcela Matos Kenichi Asano FuYa Yu Jaskaran Basran Nuriye Kupeli |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences,Comenius University in Bratislava,Bratislava,Slovakia;2.Institute of Social Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences,Comenius University in Bratislava,Bratislava,Slovakia;3.Centre for Compassion Research and Training, College of Health and Social Care Research Centre, School of Sciences,University of Derby,Derby,UK;4.Department of Psychology and Sports Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences,University of Hertfordshire,Hertfordshire,UK;5.Department of Psychology,McGill University,Quebec,Canada;6.Department of Economics and Social Sciences,John Cabot University,Rome,Italy;7.Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing Research,University of Twente,Enschede,The Netherlands;8.The School of Psychology,The University of Queensland,Brisbane,Australia;9.Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare,Hebrew University of Jerusalem,Jerusalem,Israel;10.Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy,University of Bern,Bern,Switzerland;11.Cognitive and Behavioural Centre for Research and Intervention,University of Coimbra,Coimbra,Portugal;12.Research Center for Child Mental Development,Chiba University,Chiba,Japan;13.Student counseling center K-12 Education Administration,Ministry of Education,Yilan City,Taiwan;14.The Compassionate Mind Foundation,Derby,UK;15.Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department,University College London,London,UK |
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| Abstract: | There is considerable evidence that self-criticism plays a major role in the vulnerability to and recovery from psychopathology. Methods to measure this process, and its change over time, are therefore important for research in psychopathology and well-being. This study examined the factor structure of a widely used measure, the Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale in thirteen nonclinical samples (N?=?7510) from twelve different countries: Australia (N?= 319), Canada (N?= 383), Switzerland (N?= 230), Israel (N?=?476), Italy (N?=?389), Japan (N?=?264), the Netherlands (N?=?360), Portugal (N?=?764), Slovakia (N?=?1326), Taiwan (N?=?417), the United Kingdom 1 (N?=?1570), the United Kingdom 2 (N?=?883), and USA (N?=?331). This study used more advanced analyses than prior reports: a bifactor item-response theory model, a two-tier item-response theory model, and a non-parametric item-response theory (Mokken) scale analysis. Although the original three-factor solution for the FSCRS (distinguishing between Inadequate-Self, Hated-Self, and Reassured-Self) had an acceptable fit, two-tier models, with two general factors (Self-criticism and Self-reassurance) demonstrated the best fit across all samples. This study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that this two-factor structure can be used in a range of nonclinical contexts across countries and cultures. Inadequate-Self and Hated-Self might not by distinct factors in nonclinical samples. Future work may benefit from distinguishing between self-correction versus shame-based self-criticism. |
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