Threat-induced impulsivity in Go/Nogo tasks: Relationships to task-relevance of emotional stimuli and virtual proximity |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology and Counseling, University of Chichester, Chichester, United Kingdom;2. Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands;3. Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands;4. Departments of Developmental and Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands;1. School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia;2. Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands;3. School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia;1. IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy;2. Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine & Orthopedics, University of Rome La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;3. School of Innovations Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 1, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;1. University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA;2. University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;1. Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel;2. The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel;3. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel;1. Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany;2. School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand;3. Biological Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany;4. Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Threatening stimuli are thought to induce impulsive responses, but Emotional Go/Nogo task results are not in line with this. We extend previous research by testing effects of task-relevance of emotional stimuli and virtual proximity. Four studies were performed to test this in healthy college students. When emotional stimuli were task-relevant, threat both increased commission errors and decreased RT, but this was not found when emotional stimuli were task-irrelevant. This was found in both between-subject and within-subject designs. These effects were found using a task version with equal go and nogo rates, but not with 90–10% go-nogo rates. Proximity was found to increase threat-induced speeding, with task-relevant stimuli only, although effects on accuracy were less clear. Threat stimuli can thus induce impulsive responding, but effects depend on features of the task design. The results may be of use in understanding theoretically unexpected results involving threat and impulsivity and designing future studies. |
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| Keywords: | Emotional Go-Nogo Task-relevance Faces Impulsivity Proximity |
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