Effects of task constraint on action dynamics |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, Center for Cognition, Action, & Perception, Perceptual Motor-Dynamics Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA;2. Department of Philosophy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;3. Faculty of Health Sciences, Cultural Selection and Behavioral Economics Lab, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway;4. Department of Psychology and Center for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia;5. Department of Philosophy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA;1. Brain Imaging Centre, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary;2. Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary;3. Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary;4. Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany;5. DFG Research Unit Person Perception, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The actualization of action possibilities (i.e., affordances) can often be accomplished in numerous ways. For instance, an individual could walk over to a rubbish bin to drop an item in or throw the piece of rubbish into the bin from some distance away. The aim of the current study was to investigate the action dynamics that emerge from such under-constrained task or action spaces using an object transportation task. Participants were instructed to transport balls between a starting location and a large wooden box located 9 m away. The temporal interval between the sequential presentation of balls was manipulated as a control parameter and was expected to influence the distance participants moved prior to throwing or dropping the ball into the target box. A two-parameter state space derived from the Cusp Catastrophe Model was employed to illustrate how behavioral variability emerged as a consequence of the under-constrained task context. Two follow-up experiments demonstrated direct correspondence between model predictions and observed action dynamics as a function of increasing task constraints. Implications for modeling, the theory of affordances, and empirical studies more generally are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Affordances Dynamic systems Cusp catastrophe Dynamic modeling Under-constrained |
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