Action co-representation and the sense of agency during a joint Simon task: Comparing human and machine co-agents |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institut Jean-Nicod, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France;2. ONERA, The French Aerospace Lab, Département Traitement de l’Information et Systèmes, Salon-de-Provence, France;3. Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, CNRS UMR 8242 & Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France;4. Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France;1. Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy;2. Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy;3. University of Verona and National Institute of Neuroscience, Verona, Italy;4. Perception and Awareness (PandA) Laboratory, Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy;5. Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Torino, Torino, Italy;6. SAMBA (SpAtial, Motor & Bodily Awareness) Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Italy;1. Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l’Apprentissage (UMR 7295), Université de Poitiers, Université de Tours, CNRS, Maison des Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société, Bâtiment A5, 5 rue T. Lefebvre, TSA 21103, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France;2. Institut Pprime (UPR 3346), CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, 86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil, France;3. Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;1. Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK;2. Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary;3. Cognition and Philosophy Lab, Department of Philosophy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia;4. Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland |
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| Abstract: | Recent studies have suggested that individuals are not able to develop a sense of joint agency during joint actions with artificial systems. We sought to examine whether this lack of joint agency is linked to individuals’ inability to co-represent the machine-generated actions. Fifteen participants observed or performed a Simon response time task either individually, or jointly with another human or a computer. Participants reported the time interval between their response (or the co-actor response) and a subsequent auditory stimulus, which served as an implicit measure of participants’ sense of agency. Participants’ reaction times showed a classical Simon effect when they were partnered with another human, but not when they collaborated with a computer. Furthermore, participants showed a vicarious sense of agency when co-acting with another human agent but not with a computer. This absence of vicarious sense of agency during human-computer interactions and the relation with action co-representation are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Joint Simon task Action co-representation Sense of agency Cooperation Human-computer interaction |
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