The impact of eye contact on the sense of agency |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Henri-Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;2. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, CP 3460000, Chile;3. University of Miami, Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, FL 33136, United States;4. Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France;1. Unit of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Human Technologies, Via Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Erzelli, Italy;2. Centro di Neurofisiologia traslazionale, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, c/o sezione Fisiologia Umana, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;3. INSERM U1093 Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice, UBFC, Dijon 21078, France;4. Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri-Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;1. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan;2. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan;1. Pharmacology, Pharmacy & Anaesthesiology Unit, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia;2. Statewide Department of Neurophysiology, Graylands Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Services – Mental Health, WA, Australia;3. School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK;4. School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia;5. Clinical Research Centre, Graylands Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Services – Mental Health, WA, Australia;1. Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 3P2, Canada;2. Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Recent research suggests that eye contact can lead to enhanced self-awareness. A related phenomenon, the sense of agency deals with the notion of the self as the origin of our actions. Possible links between eye contact and agency have been so far neglected. Here, we investigated whether an implicit sense of agency could be modulated by eye gaze. We asked participants to respond (button press) to a face stimulus: looking or not at the participant (experiment 1); or displaying distinct eye gaze before or after a mask (experiment 2). After each trial, participants estimated the time between their key press and the ensuing effects. We found enhanced intentional binding for conditions that involved direct compared to averted gaze. This study supports the idea that eye contact is an important cue that affects complex cognitive processes and suggests that modulating self-processing can impact the sense of agency. |
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| Keywords: | Eye contact Self-referential processing Agency Intentional binding |
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