Visual expectations change subjective experience without changing performance |
| |
| Institution: | 1. NatMEG, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit (CNRU), Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark;3. Psychology Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA;1. School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China;2. Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Behavior & Cognitive Neuroscience, Xi’an 710062, China;3. School of Humanities, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710126, China;1. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France;2. CNRS UMR 8242, Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Paris, France;3. Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy;4. NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy;1. British Trust for Ornithology (Scotland), School of Biological Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK;2. Forestry Commission Scotland, 231 Corstorphine Road, Edinburgh EH12 7AT, UK;1. Neurobiology of Language Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD, Nijmegen, the Netherlands;2. Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;3. Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;4. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, the Netherlands;1. Consciousness Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland;2. Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus C, Denmark |
| |
| Abstract: | It is widely believed that visual expectations can change the subjective experiences of humans. We investigated how visual expectations in a recognition task affected objective performance and subjective perception. Using a 2-alternative-forced-choice task based on digit recognition of briefly presented and visually masked digits, we found over two experiments that expectations changed the quality of the experiences without changing the performance capabilities associated with the quality of experience. Expectations were manipulated by providing a cue indicating the set of possible digits that might appear on each trial.The results also inform the debate about whether subjective experiences can be categorized in a dichotomous manner or in a graded manner. We found that subjective experiences were graded near the objective threshold and more dichotomous away from the threshold. Furthermore, distinct expectations resulted in a more dichotomous distribution of subjective experience.We also provide evidence of an interesting relationship between stimulus duration, objective performance and subjective ratings. Only experiences that were rated as evoking some degree of perception showed systematic improvements in objective performance as a function of stimulus duration.These findings suggest that subjective experience cannot be understood without considering the broader cognitive context, namely that the quality of subjective experiences is dependent on a multitude of factors such as attention, task requirements and cognitive expectations. |
| |
| Keywords: | Expectations Subjective experience Consciousness Perception Metacognition Visual attention |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
