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Social exclusion reduces the sense of agency: Evidence from intentional binding

Institution:	1. Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D''Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy;2. Department of Psychological Sciences, “G. D''Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy;3. Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G D''Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy;1. Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique, ISIR, Paris, France;2. ONERA, The French Aerospace Lab, Département Traitement de l’Information et Systèmes, Salon-de-Provence, France;3. Institut Jean-Nicod, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France;1. Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia, 8, Padova, Italy;2. Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany;3. Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 9A, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;4. Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Venezia, 8, Padova, Italy;1. Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D''Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy;2. Department of Psychological Sciences, G d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy;3. Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy;1. Pharmacology, Pharmacy & Anaesthesiology Unit, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia;2. Statewide Department of Neurophysiology, Graylands Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Services – Mental Health, WA, Australia;3. School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK;4. School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia;5. Clinical Research Centre, Graylands Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Services – Mental Health, WA, Australia

Abstract:	Social exclusion is known to induce an immediate threat to one’s perceived sense of control. The sense of agency is an important human experience, strongly associated with volitional action. Healthy participants perceive the temporal interval between a voluntary action and its effect to be shorter than the same interval when it separates an involuntary action and effect. This temporal illusion is known as intentional binding and is used experimentally to index the implicit sense of agency. The current study investigated whether activating memories of social exclusion alters intentional binding. Results show that action-effect interval estimates are significantly longer after remembering an episode of social exclusion than after remembering an episode of social inclusion, or a no priming baseline condition. This study is the first to demonstrate the link between feelings of social exclusion and the pre-reflective sense of agency.

Keywords:	Agency Social exclusion Social inclusion Sense of agency Volitional action Intentional binding Priming Interval estimation
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