成就动机与机会-威胁认知

采用问卷法探讨 3类变量即成就动机、风险情景中的冒险倾向以及对风险情景的机会 -威胁认知的关系。结果发现相对争取成功动机而言 ,回避失败动机对预测个体的机会 -威胁认知状况更为敏感 ;研究也显示 ,高成就动机组是以强烈的争取成功的倾向导致其对机会的积极认知 ;低成就动机组则是以对失败回避的趋力强化了威胁认知。个体在风险情景中的行为倾向与认知反应显得更为复杂。首先 ,框架效应不是普遍但的确存在于某类风险情景中 ,方差分析证实风险情景与框架间的交互作用达到显著性水平 ,这说明被试保守倾向的反应受到情景与框架效应的交互影响 ;其次 ,风险情景即“获益”和“损失”极大地影响着被试的风险反应模式

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVE AND OPPORTUNITY-THREAT PERCEPTION

This research probed into the relationships among three variables, namely, motive of achievement, risk tendency in a risk situation, and the perception of opportunity and threat in a risk situation. The result of this research points to some distinct correlation between these three factors. Comparison to the motive of success, the motive of evading failure is a more sensitive factor in predicting an individual opportunity threat perception. Moreover, individuals with a high motive of achievement can see opportunities in a losing situation, while individuals with low achievement motive always have threatening factors in mind even in a promising situation. Individuals behavioral tendency and perceptional response in a risk situation are more complex. First of all, the frame effect, though not universal, really exists in some sort of risk situation. Variance analysis proves a considerable level of mutual effect between the frame and risk situations. This demonstrates that the subjectsconservative response is under the mutual influence of the situation and frame effect. Secondly, risk situations, that is, both "gaining" and "losing " situations, have produced a considerable impact on the subjects pattern of risk response. The subjects perception of situations has really affected the individuals choice making in a risk situation.