Compression and texture in socks enhance football kicking performance |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia;2. FiDiPro Programme, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland;3. Centre for Sports Engineering Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom;4. Physical Education and Sports Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore;5. Movement Neuroscience, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia;6. Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia;1. Division of Orthopedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander – University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany;2. Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany;3. Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Klinikum Osnabrück, Germany;1. Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada;2. School of Sports and Health, Shaaxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China;3. Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada;4. Department of Physical Education, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China;5. Laboratory of Biomechanics, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China;6. Experimental Centre, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China;1. Roald Otten Sportsrehab (Part of J&C Sportsrehab), Amstelveen, the Netherlands;2. Physiotherapy Maarn-Maarsbergen, Maarn, the Netherlands;3. Dutch Institute for Allied Health Care (NPi), Master of Physical Therapy in Sports, Amersfoort, the Netherlands;4. Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, International Olympic Committee Research Center for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;5. Physiotherapy Dukenburg, Nijmegen, the Netherlands;6. Master Musculoskeletal Therapy (SOMT), Amersfoort, the Netherlands;7. Erasmus MC Center for Groin Injuries, Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;8. Aspetar Sports Groin Pain Centre, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Hospital, Doha, Qatar;9. Sport Medicine and Exercise Clinic Haarlem (SBK), Haarlem, the Netherlands;10. Physiotherapy Utrecht Oost, Utrecht, the Netherlands;11. Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Traumatology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;12. Academic Centre for Evidence Based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, the Netherlands;1. São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bioscience Institute, Campus Rio Claro, 1515 24-A Avenue, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo State, 13506-900, Brazil;2. São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Science, Campus Bauru, 14 Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube Avenue, Vargem Limpa, Bauru, São Paulo State, 17033-360, Brazil;1. PhD Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States;2. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to observe effects of wearing textured insoles and clinical compression socks on organisation of lower limb interceptive actions in developing athletes of different skill levels in association football. Six advanced learners and six completely novice football players (15.4 ± 0.9 years) performed 20 instep kicks with maximum velocity, in four randomly organised insoles and socks conditions, (a) Smooth Socks with Smooth Insoles (SSSI); (b) Smooth Socks with Textured Insoles (SSTI); (c) Compression Socks with Smooth Insoles (CSSI) and (d), Compression Socks with Textured Insoles (CSTI). Reflective markers were placed on key anatomical locations and the ball to facilitate three-dimensional (3D) movement recording and analysis. Data on 3D kinematic variables and initial ball velocity were analysed using one-way mixed model ANOVAs. Results revealed that wearing textured and compression materials enhanced performance in key variables, such as the maximum velocity of the instep kick and increased initial ball velocity, among advanced learners compared to the use of non-textured and compression materials. Adding texture to football boot insoles appeared to interact with compression materials to improve kicking performance, captured by these important measures. This improvement in kicking performance is likely to have occurred through enhanced somatosensory system feedback utilised for foot placement and movement organisation of the lower limbs. Data suggested that advanced learners were better at harnessing the augmented feedback information from compression and texture to regulate emerging movement patterns compared to novices. |
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| Keywords: | Textured insoles Clinical compression socks Instep kick Somatosensory information Skill level Attunement |
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