Higher order balance control: Distinct effects between cognitive task and manual steadiness constraint on automatic postural responses |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Tianjin Key Lab of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Hexi District, Tianjin, China;2. Institute of Sports and Health Science, Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan;1. School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;2. School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Faculty of Arts & Science, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;3. School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;4. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;1. Physiotherapy Department of University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Physiotherapy Department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Statistical Research and Information Technology, Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education, Tehran, Iran;4. Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;5. Department of Physical Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;1. Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Waterfront 3F, 2-3-26 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan;2. Department of Intelligence Interaction Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;3. JST, PREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan;4. Department of Functional Joint Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan;1. Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA;2. Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA;3. Yonsei Institute of Sports Science and Exercise Medicine, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, USA |
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| Abstract: | In the present experiment, we aimed to evaluate the interactive effect of performing a cognitive task simultaneously with a manual task requiring either high or low steadiness on APRs. Young volunteers performed the task of recovering upright balance following a mechanical perturbation provoked by unanticipatedly releasing a load pulling the participant’s body backwards. The postural task was performed while holding a cylinder steadily on a tray. One group performed that task under high (cylinder’ round side down) and another one under low (cylinder’ flat side down) manual steadiness constraint. Those tasks were evaluated in the conditions of performing concurrently a cognitive numeric subtraction task and under no cognitive task. Analysis showed that performance of the cognitive task led to increased body and tray displacement, associated with higher displacement at the hip and upper trunk, and lower magnitude of activation of the GM muscle in response to the perturbation. Conversely, high manual steadiness constraint led to reduced tray velocity in association with lower values of trunk displacement, and decreased rotation amplitude at the ankle and hip joints. We found no interactions between the effects of the cognitive and manual tasks on APRs, suggesting that they were processed in parallel in the generation of responses for balance recovery. Modulation of postural responses from the manual and cognitive tasks indicates participation of higher order neural structures in the generation of APRs, with postural responses being affected by multiple mental processes occurring in parallel. |
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| Keywords: | Perturbed posture Stance perturbation Postural control Postural reactions Multitasking |
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