Load release balance test under unstable conditions effectively discriminates between physically active and sedentary young adults |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Sports Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia;2. Sports Technology Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia;3. Department of Sports Educology and Sports Humanistic, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia;4. Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Ergonomics, Faculty of Education Sciences, Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Almería, Spain;1. Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil;2. Institute of Radiology, LIM44, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, s/n°, Rua 1 , Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 5,403–900, Brazil;3. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo Rua Doutor Ovídio Pires de Campos,785 , Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 5403,010, Brazil;1. Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-University Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany;2. Department of Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital, Ruhr-University, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany;1. Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700AD Groningen, The Netherlands;2. Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands;3. Department of Kinesiology, KU-Leuven, B3001 Leuven, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | This study investigates test-retest reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the load release balance test under four varied conditions. Young, early and late middle-aged physically active and sedentary subjects performed the test over 2 testing sessions spaced 1 week apart while standing on either (1) a stable or (2) an unstable surface with (3) eyes open (EO) and (4) eyes closed (EC), respectively. Results identified that test-retest reliability of parameters of the load release balance test was good to excellent, with high values of ICC (0.78–0.92) and low SEM (7.1%–10.7%). The peak and the time to peak posterior center of pressure (CoP) displacement were significantly lower in physically active as compared to sedentary young adults (21.6% and 21.0%) and early middle-aged adults (22.0% and 20.9%) while standing on a foam surface with EO, and in late middle-aged adults on both unstable (25.6% and 24.5%) and stable support surfaces with EO (20.4% and 20.0%). The area under the ROC curve >0.80 for these variables indicates good discriminatory accuracy. Thus, these variables of the load release balance test measured under unstable conditions have the ability to differentiate between groups of physically active and sedentary adults as early as from 19 years of age. |
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| Keywords: | Age-related differences Reactive balance responses Reliability Test sensitivity |
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