Task difficulty and inertial properties of hand-held tools: An assessment of their concurrent effects on precision aiming |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-010, Brazil;2. Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, 4150N Edwards 1 Bldg, P.O. Box 210376, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0376, United States;3. Institut des Sciences du Mouvement - UMR 7287, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France;4. Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;5. Graduate Program in Sports Science, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;1. Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824-1314, USA;2. Department of Biology, Antwerp University, Univeristeitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;1. Department of Physical Therapy, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA;2. Department of Physiology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA;3. Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA;4. Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA;1. School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang City, 421001, China;2. Shenzhen Xinbang Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen City, 518000, China |
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| Abstract: | Aiming hand-held tools at targets in space entails adjustments in the dynamical organization of aiming patterns according to the required precision. We asked whether and how these adjustments are modified by the tool’s mass distribution. Twelve participants performed reciprocal aiming movements with a 50-cm long wooden probe. Kinematic patterns of probe movements were used as a window into the behavioral dynamic underlying performance of a reciprocal aiming task. We crossed three levels of task difficulty (IDs 2.8, 4.5 and 6.1) with two types of probe varying in their mass distribution (proximal vs distal loading). Movement duration was affected by task difficulty and probe loading (shorter for larger targets and proximal probe loading). Progressive deviations from a sinusoidal movement pattern were observed as task difficulty increased. Such deviations were more pronounced with proximal probe loading. Results point to a higher degree of non-linearity in aiming dynamics when the probe was loaded proximally, which might reflect employment of additional perceptual-motor processes to control the position of its less stable tip at the vicinity of the targets. More generally, the effects of probe loading on aiming pattern and dynamics suggest that perceptual-motor processes responding to task level constraints are sensitive to, and not independent from, biomechanical, end-effector constraints. |
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| Keywords: | Reciprocal aiming Fitts’ task Long-shafted probe Mass distribution Kinematics |
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