Propulsion strategy in the gait of primary school children; the effect of age and speed |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Australia;2. Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth 6872, Australia;1. Hephaistos team, Inria Sophia Antipolis, France;2. Centre d’Innovation et d’Usages en Santé, CHU de Nice, France;3. Pôle de Gérontologie, CHU de Nice, France;4. EA 7278 CoBTeK Cognition Behaviour Technology, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Pôle de Gérontologie, CHU de Nice, France;5. Centre Mémoire de Ressource et de Recherche, Centre Edmond et Lily Safra, Institut Claude Pompidou, Nice, France;1. Occupational Therapy Program, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA;2. Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;3. Department of Kinesiology and Neurosciences and Cognitive Science Program, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA;4. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Hampshire, UK;1. REVAL Rehabilitation Research, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A - B-3590 Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium;2. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;3. Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, CERM, University Hospital Pellenberg, Welligerveld 1, B-3212 Pellenberg, Belgium;4. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, B- 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;5. Department of Biology, Functional Morphology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B- 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;1. Laboratory for Motion Analysis, Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Children''s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland;2. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland;3. Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Children''s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland;1. Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Box 90383, Durham, NC, 27708-0383, USA;2. Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto Blvd., Stop D3700, Austin, TX, 78712, USA;3. Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2201 Speedway, Stop C3200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA |
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| Abstract: | The strategy used to generate power for forward propulsion in walking and running has recently been highlighted as a marker of gait maturation and elastic energy recycling. This study investigated ankle and hip power generation as a propulsion strategy (PS) during the late stance/early swing phases of walking and running in typically developing (TD) children (15: six to nine years; 17: nine to 13 years) using three-dimensional gait analysis. Peak ankle power generation at push-off (peakA2), peak hip power generation in early swing (peakH3) and propulsion strategy (PS) peakA2/(peakA2 + peakH3)] were calculated to provide the relative contribution of ankle power to total propulsion. Mean PS values decreased as speed increased for comfortable walking (p < 0.001), fast walking (p < 0.001) and fast running (p < 0.001), and less consistently during jogging (p = 0.054). PS varied with age (p < 0.001) only during fast walking. At any speed of fast walking, older children generated more peakA2 (p = 0.001) and less peakH3 (p = 0.001) than younger children. While the kinetics of running propulsion appear to be developed by age six years, the skills of fast walking appeared to require additional neuromuscular maturity. These findings support the concept that running is a skill that matures early for TD children. |
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| Keywords: | Gait Kinetics Ankle power Hip power Propulsion strategy Development |
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