Differences in infant temperament between Chile and the US |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Child Welfare and Well-Being Research Unit, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States;2. Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, United States;3. University of Houston School of Social Work, Houston, TX, United States;4. Columbia University Middle East Research Center, Amman, Jordan;5. Social Work, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States;1. Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta Children''s Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Calgary, Alberta Canada;2. Departments of Paediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta Children''s Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Calgary, Alberta Canada;1. Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moore''s University, Liverpool, United Kingdom;2. Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom;3. Department of Women & Children''s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King''s College London, London, United Kingdom;4. Elizabeth Garret Anderson Institute for Women''s Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Temperament refers to individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation and is influenced by genetic and experiential variation and maturation. Temperament reflects biologically based individual differences that emerge in early life and remain relatively stable thereafter. Given the growing interest in cultural variation in infant temperament, this study examined the temperament of 12-month-old children in Chile and the US. The aims were to validate a version of the Infant Behavior Questionnaire – Revised – Very Short Form in Spanish for Chile and to compare Chilean and US infants’ temperament. For the first aim, 150 Chilean infants aged 10–15 months were assessed, and 73 US infants aged 10–15 months were examined for the second aim. The children’s parents completed a demographic questionnaire and the IBQ-R-VSF, which measures three dimensions of temperament: Surgency, Negative Affectivity, and Effortful Control. The reliability of each dimension for the Chilean sample was between 0.70 and 0.75, and significant differences between Chilean and US infants emerged. Parents of Chilean infants reported higher levels of Effortful Control, whereas US parents reported that their infants exhibited higher levels of Negative Affectivity. A relationship between parents’ higher educational level and infants’ higher levels of Surgency was found for both countries. No gender or age differences were observed for any of the three temperament dimensions. These results and their implications for cultural studies are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Infancy Temperament Cross-cultural Parents’ educational level Gender |
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