Effect of stride length on overarm throwing delivery: Part II: An angular momentum response |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Health Professions Education, D’Youville College Buffalo, NY 14201, United States;2. Department of Exercise Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States;1. Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.;2. Sports Rehabilitation & Performance Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, U.S.A.;3. Athletico, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA;2. Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;3. Department of Observational Clinical Research, ATI Physical Therapy, Greenville, SC, USA;4. University of South Carolina Center for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Sciences, Greenville, SC, USA;5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA;6. Steadman Hawkins Clinic, University of Colorado Health, Englewood, CO, USA;7. Orthopaedic Surgery, Steadman Hawkins Clinic of the Carolinas, Greenville, SC, USA;1. Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan;2. Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan;3. School of Health and Sports Science, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan;4. Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan;1. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA;2. Sports Performance Center, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Oak Brook, IL, USA;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA;4. Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA;5. Sports Medicine Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA;1. Illinois State University, United States;2. Texas Metroplex Institute for Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, United States;3. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States |
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| Abstract: | This is the second component of a two-part series investigating 3D momentum profiles specific to overhand throwing, where altering stride reportedly influences throwing mechanics resulting in significantly different physiologic outcomes and linear momentum profiles. Using a randomized cross-over design, nineteen pitchers (15 collegiate and 4 high school) were assigned to pitch two simulated 80-pitch games at ±25% of their desired stride length. An 8-camera motion capture system (240 Hz) integrated with two force plates (960 Hz) and radar gun tracked each overhand throw. Segmental angular momentums were summed yielding throwing arm and total body momentums, from which compensation ratio’s (relative contribution between the two) were derived. Pairwise comparisons at hallmark events and phases identified significantly different angular momentum profiles, in particular total body, throwing arm, and momentum compensation ratios (P ⩽ 0.05) as a result of manipulating stride length. Sagittal, frontal, and transverse angular momentums were affected by stride length changes. Transverse magnitudes showed greatest effects for total body, throwing arm, and momentum compensation ratios. Since the trunk is the main contributor to linear and angular momentum, longer strides appear to better regulate transverse trunk momentum in double support, whereas shorter strides show increased momentum prior to throwing arm acceleration. |
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| Keywords: | Baseball Pitching mechanics Stride length Angular momentum Biomechanics |
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