行为经济学中的不平等规避

不平等规避是指人们在资源分配中厌恶不平等的分配结果,为了达成平等甚至愿意付出一定代价的现象。这一现象是经济学中常见的行为"异象",属于社会偏好理论的研究范畴。不平等规避的经典模型是FS-ERC模型,后来的研究者从消极情绪、意图和社会奖励等视角对不平等规避的心理机制进行了深入探索。不平等规避会受到多种因素影响,例如人口统计学变量、社会距离、决策时间和实验任务特征等。未来的研究可以从不平等规避的心理机制、神经基础,以及对不平等规避的稳健性进行再验证等方面展开。

The inequity aversion in behavioral economics

In behavioral economics,inequity aversion means that individuals resist inequitable outcome;that is they are willing to give up some material payoff to move in the direction of more equitable outcomes.Inequity aversion is a common anomaly in economics,which is a focus of social preference theory.Many previous studies have demonstrated this kind of irrational behavior in various situations.Currently,the researchers have constructed FS-ERC model to illustrate the mechanism of inequity aversion.Based on such model,inequity aversion could also be illustrated by negative emotions,intentions,as well as social reward.The factors influencing inequity aversion primarily include demographic variables,social distance,decision time,and the features of experimental task.As to future directions,the researches are expected to the deeper understanding of psychological and neural mechanism about inequity aversion,and to reexamine such phenomenon in various conditions.