经颅直流电刺激技术在物质依赖治疗中的应用

物质依赖是一种慢性、复发性脑部疾病, 给个体及社会带来极大损害。研究发现, 经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS)可以通过调节背外侧前额叶(dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, DLPFC)脑区的兴奋性降低物质依赖者的渴求, 并改善受损的认知功能。tDCS具有副作用小、操作简便、费用低廉等优点, 因此在物质依赖治疗领域应用前景广泛。未来应考虑确定最佳的刺激参数及刺激位置, 同时考虑物质依赖者的种类及个体差异, 与其他疗法结合使用, 并进一步深入探索tDCS治疗物质依赖的神经机制。

The application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of substance dependence

Substance dependence is a chronic, prevalent brain disorder that harms not only the individual suffering from it, but also the whole of society. Previous studies indicated that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can effectively reduce drug craving (a key aspect of dependence) and improve cognitive function by temporarily regulating the excitability of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Several advantages such as very few side effects, user-friendly manipulation and low cost, make the application of tDCS in the field of substance dependence treatment research very attractive and viable, with broad potential and promise. Future studies should continue to determine the best stimulation parameters for different types of drug and other individual differences found between abusers, investigate ways for combining tDCS with other therapeutic methods, and further explore the underlying neural mechanisms of tDCS treatment in substance dependence.