微表情的特征、识别、训练和影响因素

微表情是人压抑的真实情绪的泄露, 时间约为1/25~1/2 s, 常出现在说谎情境, 可能源于椎体束运动系统控制的自主面部运动和椎体束外运动系统控制的非自主面部运动的“拔河比赛”。已有研究构建了微表情数据库, 开发了BART和JACBART等微表情识别测验以及METT训练, 并探讨了微表情识别及训练与认知、人格、文化、职业等的关系。但这些研究考察的中性表情背景下微表情只是镶嵌在各表情背景下真实微表情的特例, 生态程度不高; 少量研究探索了表情背景对微表情识别的影响但未建立标准测验。未来应开发生态化微表情识别标准测验和训练, 尝试跨越微表情发生和识别的界限, 并采用生理−心理、电生理和脑成像技术探索其机制。

Characteristics,recognition, training of microexpressions and their influence factors

Microexpressions are caused by true feelings which leak from oppression and hiding, and their last times are about 1/25~1/2 s. They often appear in lie situations, and may be result of "tug of war" between voluntary facial movements controlled by vertebral bunch of motor system and involuntary facial movements controlled by vertebral body movement system。Preverse reaserches have built a series of microexpression databasees, and developed BART and JACBART microexpression recognition tests as well as training tool such as METT, and discussed relationships among microexpression recognition and cognition, personality, culture, and professional. But these studies only detectived microexpressions under the background of neutral expression, which were special cases of real microexpressions set in various expressions backgrounds, therefore they did not have a high level of ecological validity. A small amount of researches have explored effect of expressions backgrounds in microexpression recognition, but did not establish any standardized test. So in the future we should develop ecological microexpression recognition standard tests and training tools, establish ecological microexpression database, and use them in many fields. We should also get through the boundary of occurrence and recognition of microexpression, and explore their mechanisms by using physiological-psychological, electrophysiological and brain imaging techniques.