去焦点化提升体验幸福的积极意义及心理机制

去焦点化是指通过操纵个体对焦点以外的非焦点事件或因素的关注, 从而减少焦点事件对个体认知判断和情绪影响的一种策略。如何利用去焦点化减少聚焦错觉对体验幸福所造成的消极影响, 提升体验幸福, 是积极心理学关注的热点。研究发现, 可以通过去焦点化策略, 减少个体对不同类型消极情绪的聚焦错觉, 以达到提升体验幸福的目的。其心理机制可从注意分散假设和情感加工理论进行解释。未来研究可进一步关注: (1)一般去焦点化与自我相关去焦点化的比较与探讨; (2)去焦点化对后续体验幸福的影响; (3)重新聚焦对个体体验幸福的影响。

The positive effects of defocusing on experienced well-being and its mechanism

Defocusing is a strategy to reduce focusing illusion by diverting individual’s attention away from focal events or factors. How to make use of defocusing to improve our experienced well-being has become a focus in positive psychology. Defocusing can significantly alleviate different types of negative emotions, and its mechanism can be explained by distraction hypothesis and emotional processing theory. Furthermore, we recommend that future researches pay attention to the comparison of generic defocusing and self-relevant defocusing, the subsequent impact of defocusing on experienced well-being and the influence of re-focusing on experienced well-being.