双文化经验对整体加工方式的影响*

已有研究表明,与个体主义文化相比,集体主义文化易引发整体加工方式。但是,文化不仅可以按照东西方文化划分为个体主义和集体主义,还可以依据个体的文化经验划分为多元文化和单一文化。那么,与单一文化经验相比,多元文化经验,尤其是最常见的双文化经验是否也有利于整体加工方式呢?在两个实验中,我们将被试分为两组,让其中一组被试暴露在双文化情境下,另外一组被试暴露在单一文化情境下。然后让这两组被试要么寻找两段视频间的相似点或者差异点（实验1）,要么回忆与老年人刻板印象一致或不一致的信息（实验2）。结果发现,与暴露在单一文化情境下相比,暴露在双文化情境下的被试倾向于寻找事物间的相似点（实验1）,并且不易形成刻板印象（实验2）。这表明,双文化经验有利于整体加工方式。

Bicultural Experience Facilitates the Global Processing Style

Studies have shown that, compared to individualistic cultures, collectivistic cultures could facilitate global processing. However, cultural experience can be divided not only into individualist and collectivist according to Eastern and Western cultures but also into multicultural and monocultural according to individuals′ experiences. Compared to monocultural experiences, are multicultural experiences, especially, the most common bicultural experience more conducive to the global processing style? To address this question, we conducted two experiments in which participants were divided into two groups, one exposed to a bicultural experience and another exposed to a monocultural experience. The two groups were either required to search for similarities or differences between two videos(Experiment 1), or recall the information congruent or incongruent with older adult stereotypes(Experiment 2). The experimental results showed that, compared to the participants exposed to a monocultural experience, those exposed to a bicultural experience tended to search for similarities among the objects(Experiment 1)and were not prone to have stereotype impressions(Experiment 2). This indicates that individuals with bicultural experiences facilitate the global processing style.