重要他人情境对青少年意图判断诺布效应的影响*

设置了母亲、朋友、老师三类重要他人，副作用结果为积极和消极两种性质的实验故事共六个，选取311名中学生阅读故事并回答问题，以此探讨青少年诺布效应的特点及其与心理状态理解的关系。结果表明：（1）青少年在对不同重要他人的积极副作用情境进行意图判断时，表现出典型的诺布效应，但在对不同重要他人的消极副作用情境进行意图判断时，没有表现出诺布效应；（2）母亲、朋友和老师这三类重要他人对于青少年意图判断的影响没有显著差异；（3）初中生和高中生、男生和女生的意图判断没有显著差异；（4）青少年认为，由消极副作用引起的被行为者的情绪以负性情绪为主，而行为者的情绪则以正性情绪为主。本研究的结论是：青少年在进行意图判断时仅出现了不完全的诺布效应。

The Influences of the Significant Others in Adolescents′ Knobe Effect about Intentional Judgment

To probe into the relationship between the features of teenagersˊ Knobe effect and their mental state, the author selected 311 middle-school students to carry out the six-story experiment, the side-effect of which was designed as either positive or negative. The significant others are divided into 3 groups: Mother, Friend and Teacher. The outcome of this experiment indicates that: 1) typical Knobe effect is obvious when adolescent sub-jects pass intentional judgment on the positive side-effect situation of different significant others, whereas it can-not be observed when they make intentional judgment on the negative one; 2) there is no substantial difference in the intentional judgment among 3 groups of significant others on teenagers; 3) there is no substantial differ-ence in the intentional judgment between middle-school students and high-school students, as well as between male and female; 4) teenagers think that the moods prompted by negative side-effect of behavioral objects are mainly negative, and those of behavioral subjects are positive mostly. The conclusion of the research is that teenagers present incomplete Knobe effect when making intentional judgment.